Objective To explore the application effect of standard image displayed on the same screen during ultrasound scanning in musculoskeletal ultrasound teaching. Methods A trial control method was used. From September 2021 to August 2023, 24 residents who underwent standardized residency training in the ultrasound department of Subei People′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province were selected as study subjects. They were equally divided into the study group and the control group using the random number table method. The study group students were taught using the same screen display of standard image and ultrasound scanning method. The control group students were taught using the traditional method. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through musculoskeletal knowledge and skills assessment, as well as student questionnaire surveys. T-test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the results of the two groups. Results The knowledge assessment scores, skills assessment scores, and teaching satisfaction scores in the study group were higher than those in the control group [(86.25±2.14) vs. (81.33±4.91), (88.50±3.06) vs. (81.08±4.66), (4.49±0.39) vs. (3.68±0.59)], all P <0.05. Conclusions The same screen display of standard image and ultrasound scanning method for musculoskeletal teaching is helpful for residents to quickly and accurately master musculoskeletal imaging techniques and is well-received by residents.