Objective To explore the present situation and existing problems of the training of ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in clinical medicine in Tongji University, and put forward suggestions for improvement. Methods In March, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in Tongji University from grade 2016 to grade 2022. Based on the theory of ″input-process-output-development″ in the theory of student development, two sets of questionnaires for students and graduates were compiled through literature review and the General Principles of Standardized Training for Specialists in Shanghai, and the relevant data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results (1)Input situation: 27 boys and 70 girls; There are 74 students and 23 graduates; There are 41 undergraduate graduates and 81 master graduates from ″Double First-class″ construction universities. (2)Process: Doctoral students have a high degree of acceptance of the education in the specialized training stage and are familiar with the policies and objectives of the specialized training system; The learning situation and satisfaction of the special training stage are better. (3)Output: 92.78%(90/97) of doctoral students′ academic achievement is to publish academic papers. (4) Development: The satisfaction of doctoral graduates with career development evaluation is at a general level. Conclusions ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in clinical medicine have a high sense of identity and acceptance of the training content in the specialized training stage, and their satisfaction with the learning process and results is generally good. However, there is still room for improvement in clinical practice ability, scientific research ability and career development ability.