Objective This study aims to construct an evaluation index system for political and virtuous awareness education of postgraduate medical students based on the concepts of educating of all personnel, in all aspects, and for the whole process (referred to as ″three-dimensional education″). Methods From December 2023 to February 2024, The evaluation index system was determined by literature analysis and combining with the training characteristics of medical master students. Two rounds of correspondence were conducted among 28 experts by Delphi method, and the index weights were calculated by analytic hierarchy process. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence were 87.5% and 100.0%, respectively. The authority coefficient of the first round ranged from 0.80 to 0.90, the authority coefficient of the second round ranged from 0.90 to 0.94, and the variation coefficient of each index of the second round ranged from 0.13 to 0.24. Kendall coordination coefficient W values range from 0.17 to 0.32 (all P<0.001). An evaluation index system of political and virtuous awareness for medical master students including 4 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators and 37 third-level indicators is constructed. Conclusions The evaluation index system is comprehensive, scientific and feasible, and provides a high informative value for the evaluation of the effect of political and virtuous awareness education for medical master students.