Objective To compare the scores of a video-based surgical assessment by the examiners and the examinees to find out pitfalls in the process of standardized resident training in anesthesia. Methods Using a full sample survey method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 193 resident anesthesiologists who participated in the Beijing residency training clinical practice ability graduation assessment in June 2022, along with its operation assessment video and assessment results as the data source to act as the candidates' clinical practice ability assessment results. The self-evaluation of the candidates was obtained. Student t-test or paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results There were no obvious differences between the scores by examinees or by examiners in the assessment of spinal anesthesia[(28.39±1.32)vs.(28.26±1.32),P=0.317].In arterial catheterization, endotracheal intubation, central venous catheterization and electric defibrillation, the scores by the examinees were significantly higher than those by the examiners [(28.99±1.32) vs. (27.95±1.33), (29.06±1.30) vs. (28.28±1.29), (29.07±1.30) vs. (28.37±1.35), (59.44±1.95) vs. (57.78±1.42), all P<0.05]. The scores by the examinees were significantly higher than those by the examiners in area related to the procedure protocols, aseptic principles, simulator-related items, and non-technical skills[for example, position and fixation of the endotracheal tube: (1.93±0.19) vs. (1.75±0.29), the sterility principle during spinal anesthesia: (1.98±0.13) vs. (1.86±0.27), the recognition of the central venous canal, the cleaning of the skin of patient: (2.94±0.24) vs. (2.66±0.70), the electrode plate during the electric defibrillation: (1.85±0.33)vs.(0.98±0.94), all P<0.05 ]. Conclusions There is a deviation in self-perception of arterial catheterization, endotracheal intubation, central venous catheterization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and electrical defibrillation in resident anesthesiologists. In the skill training, residents should strengthen the study of clinical operation norms and aseptic principles, and strengthen the cultivation of their non-operational skills.