Objective To investigate the training status and satisfaction of residents in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals of Peking University, identify the problems in standardized training for residents, and propose improvement suggestions. Methods This study used a self-designed electronic questionnaire to investigate the training satisfaction and its influencing factors of residents and professional master′s students in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals of Peking University in July 2023. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to analyze the training satisfaction and its influencing factors. Results A total of 467 valid questionnaires were collected as a result.The overall satisfaction rate of residents was 74.5%(348/467). The lowest satisfaction was observed with salary [48.6%(227/467)], benefits [56.3%(263/467)], and training intensity [67.5%(315/467)]. The satisfaction level of professional master's students was lower than that of general residents [(3.50±1.16) points vs. (4.13±0.81) points, P<0.001]. About two-thirds of residents work more than 50 hours per week. The overall satisfaction is influenced by factors such as training management, training intensity, satisfaction with training guidance, and whether the training content was suitable for clinical needs(β were 0.435, 0.311, 0.157, and 0.094, all P<0.001) . Conclusions The overall satisfaction of the residents in Peking University is acceptable, and the clinical work intensity and pressure are high. It is necessary to further strengthen training management and guidance, and optimize salary and training intensity.