Objective To understand the current situation of social practice among master of public health and explore the factors affecting their satisfaction, to inform how social practice programs can be optimized. Methods A total of 165 students enrolled in 2019 and 2020 with master of public health from Shandong University were selected as the research subjects. A self-made questionnaire was used to conduct the survey. T-test and χ² test were used to compare differences between groups. Multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of social practice satisfaction. Results The score of students' satisfaction with the social practice was (26.29±3.96). Male students (β=0.180, P=0.005), instructors' guidance frequency of over 3 times per week (β=0.466, P=0.002) and more than 1 time per month (β=0.526, P=0.001), familiarity with the content and requirements of the social practice (β=0.371, P<0.001; β=0.315, P=0.001) were factors promoting social practice satisfaction, whereas longer social practice duration was the negative factor (β=-0.275, P<0.001). Conclusions The satisfaction of social practice among masters of public health is generally high, which is affected by gender, the frequency of social practice instructors' guidance, familiarity with the content and requirements of the social practice, social practice duration and other factors. Medical schools and social practice centers should take targeted measures such as strengthening the interaction between instructors and students, consolidating the professional knowledge of students, and setting appropriate social practice time to promote the satisfaction of social practice.