Objective To explore the effect of clinical pathological conference (CPC) in standardized residency training in nephrology. Methods The experimental control method was used in this study. From June 2021 to September 2022, 81 residents who underwent standardized residency training inDepartment of Nephrology of Peking University Third Hospital were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 47 residents were assigned to the experimental group to participate in CPC, while 34 residents were assigned to the control group, who received the traditional teaching method due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The teaching effect was evaluated by clinical and pathological examination of kidney disease and satisfaction survey. T-test and χ² test was used to compare the results of the two groups. Results The scores of clinical and pathological examination from the experimental group (89.36±16.07) was higher than that from the control group (74.71±25.73)(P=0.005). The satisfaction of students in the experimental group [93.6% (44/47)] was higher than that in the control group [76.5% (26/34)](P=0.026). Overall, 46(97.9％) residents from the experimental group believed that CPC contributed to deepening the understanding and memory of theoretical knowledge, and 45(95.7％) residents believed that CPC contributed to improving the ability to solve clinical problems and having more opportunities to learn different cases. Conclusions The application of CPC in standardized resident training in nephrology is helpful for residents to understand and master the clinical and pathological diagnosis of renal disease.