Objective To understand the current situation of burnout among postgraduate supervisors in clinical medicine across different regions, to analyze and compare the differential influencing factors, and to inform measures for alleviation. Methods From November to December 2021, a voluntary sample of 4 276 postgraduate supervisors in clinical medicine from 36 institutions in east, central and west China participated in the survey, and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and chi-square test were used to explore the differences in their burnout across different regions; multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The burnout detection rate of 4 276 supervisors participating in the survey was 28.8% (1 230/4 276), and the detection rates of mild, moderate and severe burnout were 20.2% (864/4 276), 7.9% (337/4 276) and 0.7% (29/4 276), respectively, and the burnout of instructors in the eastern, central and western regions were mainly mild burnout, and the detection rates were 17.7% (271/4 276), 20.3% (298/4 276), and 23.0% (295/4 276).After excluding the influence of personal characteristics factors, in the emotional exhaustion dimension, supervisors in different regions were affected by clinical work evaluation (eastern region: b=-0.21, P<0.001; central region: b=-0.35, P<0.001; western region: b=-0.37, P<0.001), and supervisors in the eastern region were also affected by teaching work evaluation (b=-0.15, P=0.014); in the dimension of depersonalization, supervisors′ burnout in the eastern region was affected by teaching work evaluation (b=-0.28, P<0.001), supervisors′ burnout in the central region was affected by clinical work evaluation (b=-0.28, P<0.001), and supervisors′ clinical (b=-0.17, P=0.010), teaching (b=-0.33, P<0.001) and research work evaluation (b=-0.21, P=0.005) in the western region all affected their burnout; In the dimension of reduced individual achievement, the burnout of supervisors across different regions is affected by both clinical work evaluation (eastern region: b=-0.20, P=0.001; central region: b=-0.23, P<0.001; western region: b=-0.17, P=0.009) and teaching work evaluation (eastern region: b=-0.21, P<0.001; central region: β=-0.26, P<0.001; western region: b=-0.23, P<0.001). Conclusions There exists a certain degree of burnout among instructors of graduate students in clinical medicine, which is affected by different job evaluations. Targeted measures should be taken to prevent and intervene in the burnout of instructors, so as to reduce the influence of unfavorable factors in clinical and teaching work on instructors in the east and central regions, and reduce the influence of unfavorable factors in clinical, teaching and research work on instructors in the west.