Objective To evaluate the teaching effect of scenario simulation in the residents standardized training of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods Sixty-one trainees who joined the program of standardized residential training from 2016 to 2021 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were randomly divided into experimental group(n=31) and control group(n=30). The experimental group was trained by scenario simulation method and the control group accepted the training by traditional method. Then the objective structured clinical examination(OSCE), educational environment assessment scale and questionnaire survey were used to evaluate the teaching effect. χ² test and t test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results The OSCE grade from experimental group (370.16±6.19) and control group (343.63±8.94) were significantly different(t=13.51,P＜0.001). The perception scores of learning,teachers’performance, academic and learning environment from the trainees of experimental group were (29.35±2.15),(32.06±2.32),(22.13±1.76) and (31.19±3.08), respectively, that were significantly higher than those of trainees from control group (25.53±1.94),(27.90±2.55),(19.27±2.52) and (27.93±2.86)(all P＜0.05). The scores of learning efficiency, self-confidence, capacity of clinical reasoning, problem analysis, clinical skill and team cooperation from experimental group were(4.61±0.49),(4.58±0.50),(4.71±0.46),(4.81±0.40),(4.74±0.44)and (4.74±0.44) respectively, which were higher than those from the control group (4.17±0.59),(4.20±0.66),(4.13±0.57)、(4.03±0.40),(4.23±0.63) and(4.07±0.42), the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Scenario simulation is an effective teaching method for the standardized training of obstetrics and gynecology residents, which is proven by improved OSCE performance and well recognized by of the resident trainees.