Objective To understand the current situation of medical simulation center (referred as simulation center) in residency training institutions in China, so as to provide basis for formulating the standard medical simulation center and simulation training procedures. Methods In October 2020, organized by the Chinese Medical Association, a questionnaire survey was implemented at medical simulation centers at residency institutions located in general hospitals in China. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results A total of 448 qualified residency institutions participated in the survey. There are 95.5%(428/448) of the simulation centers have the function area more than 600 m² ; 24.1%(108/448) of the simulation centers have one full-time personnel or less. There are 29.7%(133/448) of the simulation centers have less than 20 supervisors to guide simulation operation and 58.9%(264/448) of the centers have no principle supervisor. The proportion of simulation centers that carry out basic skills training courses, specialized skills training courses and scenario courses as a compulsory task is 83.7%(375/448)for basic skill, 31.0%(139/448) for special skill and 11.4%(51/448) general skill. There are 25.0%(112/448)of the simulation centers have no internal quality control system yet. Conclusions The simulation center has gradually become large-scale and played an important role in the standardized training of residents. However,the simulation center in China is heterogeneous and needs to be improved in curriculum development, trainers' training, full-time staffing and quality control.