Objective To investigate the general situation of radiology residents in a nationwide standard residency training (SRT) program and the completion of the resident training tasks, so as to provide a reference for further improvement of standardization of SRT program. Methods A questionnaire survey was released to 308 SRT bases institutions to find potential differences in the completion of training tasks and the general situation. Totally 1 residents completed SRT course were selected as the study subjects. χ² analysis, one-way ANOVA, and the rank-sum test were used to analyze the results and to identify causes concerned. Results According to different training regions, there were significant differences in age (F=6.31, P<0.001), education experience (χ²=61.76, P<0.001), marriage (χ²=28.96, P=0.004) and annual income (χ²=64.45, P<0.001) of the trainees involved in the investigation. The most variable performance frequency across regions was “radiological protection guidance” (the highest was 3.84±0.13 in central China and the lowest was 3.25±0.07 in east China 3.χ²=24.24,P<0.001) and “writing research papers concerning training” (The highest was 3.01±0.13 in northeast China, and the lowest was 2.41±0.14 in south China, χ²=19.86,P=0.003). Conclusions There are great differences in the general situation of radiology residents' training and in the completion of regular residential training tasks at different regions of China. The SRT policy need to be improved in three aspects: promoting stratified teaching, improving the training entrance standard as well evaluation system in training bases and development of training policy with professional radiology characteristics.