Objective To review the current status and analyze the influencing factors on major recognition by undergraduates of basic medicine. Methods In April 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 140 undergraduates majoring in basic medicine from 23 colleges and universities in China based on the Major Identity Scale of College Students. The data were analyzed by non-parametric test and cumulative logistic regression analysis of ordered variables. Results The score of major identification of basic medical undergraduates contains 117.0(26.0) points. The degree of professional identity of medical students with passing grades was 0.198 times higher than that of excellent grades (OR=0.198,95%CI=0.079~0.495);The degree of professional identity of the third grade medical students was 0.284 times higher than that of the first grade medical students (OR=0.284, 95%CI=0.121~0.665);The degree of professional identity of medical students majoring in basic medicine who choose their major according to their parents' intention is 0.101 times higher than that of medical students who choose their major independently (OR=0.101, 95%CI=0.037~0.278). The degree of professional identity of medical students from cities is 2.511 times higher than that of medical students from rural areas (OR=2.511, 95%CI=1.204~5.233).The degree of professional identity of medical students in independent medical colleges was 0.385 times that of medical students in medical colleges of universities (OR=0.385, 95%CI=0.169~0.881). Conclusions The degree of professional recognition of undergraduates majoring in basic medicine is above middle level. Academic performance, grade and professional intention selection are the important factors affecting the degree of professional recognition of undergraduates majoring in basic medicine. The degree of professional recognition of medical students in independent medical colleges is lower than that in comprehensive universities. It is necessary to pay more attention to senior students and the students from rural areas combined with support from society and family to improve medical students' professional identity.