Objective To investigate the influence of ideological and political education on the professionalism and job involvement of medical staff and to provide a basis for better ideological and political work in the future. Methods By means of convenience sampling and self-made questionnaire, totally 76 medical staff in a university affiliated hospital were investigated on their participation in ideological and political education, professionalism and job involvement degree. Analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to identify the relationship of ideological and political education with professionalism and work involvement. Results Totally 89.5% (68/76) of the medical staff agreed with the necessity of ideological and political education, and 76.3% (58/76) of the medical staff participated in all kinds of ideological and political education and training organized by the hospital. The scores of the necessity of carrying out ideological and political education and the willingness to actively participate in ideological and political education were (4.25±0.73) and (4.22±0.62) respectively, and the scores of professionalism and job involvement were (32.58±7.41) and (20.50±4.74) respectively. The necessity of carrying out ideological and political education among medical staff, the willingness of medical staff to actively participate in ideological and political education, and the participation rate of medical staff in ideological and political education organized by the hospital are positively correlated with their professionalism (the correlation coefficients are 0.64, 0.71 and 0.47 respectively), and with their job involvement degree (the correlation coefficients are 0.63, 0.68 and 0.47 respectively). The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions Ideological and political education can improve the professionalism and job involvement of medical staff. It is suggested to give full play to the leading role of ideological and political education, enrich the forms of ideological and political education, increase the participation rate of ideological and political education, pay more attention to system guarantee and platform innovation and to comprehensively promote the overall competence and professionalism of hospital staff by extensive ideological and political education.