Objective To understand the current situation of collaboration in standardized residency training program in China, so as to provide basis for the development of collaborative strategy to strengthen the mechanisms for standardized residency training. Methods In July 2020, with the assistance of Chinese Medical Association, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the current situation of collaborative training for residents of standardized residency training programs in China. The contents of the questionnaire survey were residents' collaborative training plan, collaborative training rotation time, collaborative training effect and main problems in collaborative training. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results. Results A total of 83 053 residents are covered by the questionnaire survey. There are 29.61%(24 595/ 83 053)of the residents need to carry out collaborative training. The collaborative training rates of different specialties are quite different. Psychiatry, medical genetics, general practice of traditional Chinese medicine and general practice have the rate of collaborative training performance more than 40%. About 72.93% (60 570/ 83 053)of the residents transfer to the collaborative hospitals with collaborative training program because of the reasons like “lack of some departments or diseases”. About 32.24% (7 929/24 595)of the residents hope to get the training in hospitals with collaborative program for more than one year. About 80.81% (19 875/24 595)of the residents rank that the effect of collaborative training was “very good” or “good”. Residents believe that the main problems in collaborative training are as follows: different payment to trainees in different training hospitals [33.44%(8 224/24 595)], the training quality of collaborative hospital is not well controlled [32.72%(8 048/24 595)]. Conclusions Collaborative training has been widely initiated for the standardized residency training programs in China to meet the needs because it significantly improved the outcomes of training. However, there are still some problems like impure purpose, unclear quality assurance mechanism and lack of supervision. Collaborative training needs to be standardized constantly to ensure the quality of standardized residency training program.