Objective To understand the self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture and related influencing factors of students in Nanchang Medical College, so to provide a basis for the education remodeling in this school. Methods Using stratified sampling method, eight hundred undergraduates from grade 2017 to 2020 in Nanchang Medical College were enrolled and their majors included Chinese medicine, acupuncture and massage, etc. The questionnaires were distributed to investigate their self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Using logistic regression analysis to identify the main factors that affect students' self-confidence and to explore the countermeasures to improve students' self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Results Students of different grades and majors show different degrees of self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture in four dimensional scores: cognition of traditional Chinese medicine culture, emotion towards traditional Chinese medicine culture, attitude towards western medicine and behavior related to traditional Chinese medicine culture. The grade with the highest score is 2017, and the four scores are (3.68±0.35), (4.34±0.31), (4.56±0.28) and (4.35±0.36) respectively; the grade with the lowest score is 2020, and the four scores are (2.20±0.33), (3.17±0.35), (3.05±0.32) and (3.02±0.28) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).The major with the highest score was traditional Chinese medicine, and the four scores were (4.50±0.34), (4.41±0.36), (4.50±0.38) and (4.43±0.33); the lowest scoring major is from the students majoring marketing and commercial business, the four scores are (3.05±0.36), (2.96±0.31), (2.95±0.33) and (2.80±0.31) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Through logistic regression analysis, it is found that grade and major were the main factors affecting students' confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Conclusions Students of different grades and majors have different levels of self-confidence in Chinese medicine culture. The main factors affecting students' self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture are grade and major. It is suggested that the school authority needs to increase the teaching hours related to traditional Chinese medicine culture and strengthen the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine culture.