Objective To evaluate the training outcomes of team-based learning (TBL) mode in the standardized training of microsurgery residents.Methods Totally 64 residents trained in the Second Clinical College of Wuhan University from 2019 to 2020 were trained in microsurgery, and they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. TBL teaching mode was used in the experimental group for standardized microsurgery training, while the traditional teaching mode was used in the control group for standardized microsurgery training. After the training, the trainees were scored for small vessel anastomosis operation, and anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted and scored.Results Vascular anastomosis assessment results: operation proficiency score [(2.28 ± 0.58) vs. (1.47 ± 0.51)], and anastomosis quality score[(2.28 ± 0.52) vs. (1.53 ± 0.51)], total score [(11.25 ± 1.83) vs. (7.63 ± 1.64) ]. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).Questionnaire survey results: the students' interest of small vessel anastomosis training [(4.16 ± 0.72) vs. (3.09 ± 0.89) ], the satisfaction scores of teaching [(4.10 ± 0.69) vs. (2.93 ± 0.80)], the total score [(19.38 ± 1.58) vs. (14.53 ± 1.39)]. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions The application of TBL in microsurgery standardized training can enable residents to fully exert their subjective initiative, improve their operational skills, enhance their teamwork awareness.