Objective To investigate the effect and existing problems of the standardized training for resident doctors of Traditional Chinese medicine (hereinafter referred to as residential-training), and to provide reference for improving the quality of residential-training. Methods From September to October, 2019, a total of 278 trainees who had completed the training in the residential and training bases of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects by using multi-stage sampling method and a self-compiled questionnaire was used. Results Of the 266 trainees involved in medical-related work, it is found that 97.4% (259/266) of the trainees were satisfied with self-evaluation of competence. Among the items evaluated, There were 17 items in which trainees were satisfied with more than 70%, accounting for 73.9% (17/23). As for the bottleneck of career development, the trainees ranked“insufficient ability to publish papers and apply for topics” as the first one [54.9%(146/266)]. As for the training content, only 4.3%(12/278) of the students thought that Chinese medicine was more important. Conclusions The students of residential training of traditional Chinese medicine have high degree of self-evaluation satisfaction of competence, and high degree of recognition of residential training. The research capacity building of trainees in residential training of traditional Chinese medicine needs to be improved, and the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in the training content need to be strengthened by both universities and residential training bases institutions.