Objective To analyze the causes of the medical graduates' dropping out in a university and put forward countermeasures with practical experience. Methods The basic information and related data of dropouts from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed focusing on relationship between students' capacity plus results of psychological test and dropping out with by a UK psychological test. Results The annual dropping out rate in the past five years was 0.47% (108/22 978). The main reasons for dropping out were learning difficulties [50.0%(54/108)] and psychological problems [26.9%(29/108)]. In terms of psychological test, compared with the graduate students, the proportion such of ability deficiency, personality deviation of the dropouts were higher [9.26%(5/54) vs. 6.53% (535/8 188), 83.33% (45/54) vs. 75.01% (6 142/8 188)], but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). Conclusions The main reasons for dropping out were learning difficulties and psychological problems. Therefore, it is suggested that universities give full play to the predictive role of psychological test, establish targeted preventive measures, set up a “prompt early warning elimination” system, strengthen mental health protecting mechanism and give full play to the role of tutors.