Objective Exploring the teaching effect of pre-job training of internship students focusing on control and prevention of nosocomial infection combined with case analysis and trainees' satisfaction with this case-based training. Methods This study uses the experimental control method. Totally 282 medical students who participated in the clinical internship from April 2020 to June 2020 in Nantong University Affiliated Hospital were recruited as research objects. They were randomly divided into experiment group and control group with 141 in each. In the experimental group, traditional teaching was combined with analysis of hospital infection outbreak cases, while in the control group the traditional teaching was implemented without case analysis. The two groups were compared on knowledge of hospital infection prevention and control and trainees' satisfaction with teaching methods. SPSS 23.0 was used for data statistics and the comparison between the two groups was performed by t test andχ² test. Results The scores of the theoretical knowledge about nosocomial infection prevention and control and the seven-step hand-washing skill in experiment group were (93.3±4.4) and (92.4±5.3) respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(86.1±4.8) and (83.8±6.0) respectively)] (all P＜0.01).The degree of satisfaction (very satisfied or satisfied) of students in the experimental group [52.5%(74/141)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [19.1%(27/141)] (P＜0.01). Conclusions The effect of this case-based pre-job training and trainees' satisfaction with it are superior to traditional teaching methods.