Objective To investigate the current situation of general practice training of China's medical colleges and universities, so as to provide references for promoting the professional development of general practitioners and introducing relevant policies in China. Methods From December 2019 to June 2020, a questionnaire was conducted in 189 colleges and universities. The questionnaire was formulated by Guiding Committee of Medical Humanistic Quality and General Practice Teaching in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education. Results were analyzed by Descriptive Statistical Analysis. Results A total of 175 valid questionnaires were collected. It was found that 59.4% (104/175) of colleges and universities have the program of general practice training, 40.6% (71/175) of colleges and universities did not carry out general practice training. The highest proportion of colleges and universities carried out general practice training was in Northeast China [70.6% (12/17)] and the lowest proportion was found in the North [46.9% (15/32)]. Results also showed that 49.5% (45/91) of colleges and universities only implement traditional teaching methods, while 42.9% (39/91) of colleges and universities only evaluate learning outcomes by theoretical test. Conclusions The coverage of general practice training in medical colleges and universities is relatively low with less schools setting up the program. The teaching and assessment methods are still traditional ones, and the development of general practice training is characterized by uneven levels in different regions. Therefore, China should encourage more medical colleges and universities to carry out general practice training programs and enrich the forms and contents of training.