目的 调查我国不同类型院校和不同学制临床医学专业本科生的特征并进行分析。方法 基于2019年中国医学生培养与发展调查(China medical student survey, CMSS)数据,从入口、过程和结果3个方面对我国临床医学专业本科生的特征进行统计分析,并从院校类型和学制类型2个维度对学生的特征进行差异性分析。结果 学生在第一志愿的录取比例为74.5%(7 497/10 062),明确其职业规划的学生占比为72.3%(7 271/10 062),86.9%(8 748/10 062)的学生表示未来将选择医生职业;八年制、七年制和五年制学生在家庭背景[如城乡比例:78.9%(747/947)比21.1%(200/947),65.8%(1 042/1 583)比34.2%(541/1 583), 62.4%(4 698/7 532)比37.6%(2 834/7 532)],论文发表人数占比[49.5%(469/947),43.5%(689/1 583),34.4%(2 589/7 532)]等方面的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01);学生在规则性学习行为评分为(3.89±0.80)分,在临床能力领域评分为(5.90±2.17)分。结论 相比全国本科生,临床医学专业本科生在第一志愿录取比例上更高,且在未来职业发展路径上更为明确;长学制学生在家庭背景和论文发表等方面更具有优势;学生主动性学习行为相对不足,应加强学生在科学和学术、健康与社会和职业素养等3个领域能力的培养。

Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of medical undergraduate students learning in different types of medical schools and different school systems in China. Methods Based on the data of China medical student survey in 2019, the characteristics of clinical medical undergraduates in China were statistically analyzed in three aspects as entrance, education process and outcomes, the differences were analyzed in two dimensions as college type and school system type. Results The results showed that 74.5% (7 497/10 062) undergraduates were enrolled matching the first choice as clinical medicine, 72.3% (7 271/10 062) of them had a clear career plan at that moment, and 86.9% (8 748/10 062) of them expressed their occupation willingness as a clinical doctor in the future. The ratio of urban vs. rural origin of newly enrolled students of the eight-year program, seven-year program, and five-year program were 78.9%(747/947)vs. 21.1%(200/947), 65.8%(1 042/1 583)vs. 34.2%(541/1 583) and 62.4%(4 698/7 532)vs. 37.6% (2 834/7 532)] respectively,the proportion of undergraduates with published papers [49.5%(469/947), 43.5%(689/1 583), 34.4%(2 589/7 532)] among the three programs were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Clinical undergraduates scored 3.89±0.80 points in regular learning behavior and 5.90±2.17 points in clinical capacity. Conclusions Compared with undergraduates of other disciplines in the country, the proportion of clinical medicine undergraduates enrolled by first choice is significantly higher, and the career development path is clearer. Students joining in the long-term curriculum have significant advantages in family background, research participation and paper publication. The active learning behavior of clinical medical students is relatively insufficient, and it is necessary to strengthen the capacity building in science and academic attitude, health and society and professionalism.