目的 探究我国综合性大学本科临床医学专业的报考热度、生源质量及其在不同地区、不同院校的热度分布与变化趋势,为提高本科临床医学专业吸引力和生源质量提供依据和建议。方法 将本科临床医学专业与另外7个本科专业作为研究对象,获取2011年、2016年12所综合性大学在各地区本科一批专业(理科)的录取平均分,通过“平均分顺位百分比”指标描述并分析专业报考热度和生源质量。结果 2011年、2016年临床医学专业录取平均分顺位百分比分别为26.61%、18.05%;本科临床医学专业在8个专业中的报考热度由2011年的第4位上升至2016年的第2位,热度呈现上升趋势;在地区间报考热度也呈现整体上升的趋势,西部地区考生学医热度最高;本科临床医学专业在不同院校内部报考热度存在差异,且有所增大。结论 总体来看,2011年、2016年本科临床医学专业报考热度较高,生源质量大体趋势较好,长学制专业生源质量更佳。在地区方面,多数地区考生学医热度有所上升,其中收入低、医疗负担重的地区考生学医热情更高,家庭背景与医学职业特点或是贫困考生学医背后的原因。在院校方面,本科临床医学专业占优势的院校对考生的吸引力较强;而就业资源丰富、优势专业众多的院校,本科临床医学专业吸引力相对较弱。

Objective To explore the popularity of application and quality of candidates of clinical medicine, and its distribution and variation tendency in different regions and universities in China, so as to provide suggestions for improving the quality of clinical medicine candidates.Methods Clinical medicine and 7 other majors were included in the study, and the average scores for admission to the 12 comprehensive universities were available in 2011 and 2016, and the index of “percentage of average score rank” was applied to describe and analyze the popularity of application and quality of students of these majors.Results In 2011 and 2016, the percentage of average score rank in clinical medicine was 26.61% and 18.05% respectively. The popularity of application to clinical medicine increased from 4th in 2011 to 2nd in 2016 among the 8 majors. As a whole, the popularity of application to clinical medicine in different regions increased, and the candidates in the western regions had the highest enthusiasm to study clinical medicine. It was distinct among the different universities on the popularity of medicine and the distinction increased.Conclusions Overall, the popularity of application and quality of candidates of clinical medicine were favorable in 2011 and 2016, the quality of students with an eight-year master degree was better. The popularity of application of clinical medicine increased in the most areas, and the excellent candidates who lived in the areas with low income and high medical expenditure had a more strongly willing to study medicine. Family background and medical professional characteristics might be the reason to push the impoverished students into studying medicine. While the universities with dominant medicine were more attractive to candidates who aimed to study medicine, the universities with abundant employment resources and numerous competitive disciplines had a relatively weaker attraction.