目的 探讨三维(three dimentional,3D)打印模型在肝胆外科学教学中的应用及其效果。方法 采用实验对照方法。选取2015年9月至2016年6月在北京大学人民医院肝胆外科见习的北京大学2013级八年制临床医学专业60名学生为研究对象,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各30人。对照组采用传统教学方法,实验组除采用传统教学方法外另辅助应用3D打印模型进行教学。选取肝胆外科学复杂的Ⅶ段肝癌、肝门部胆管癌及胰头癌患者的MRI数据,经由3D打印机制作出等大的3D模型。见习结束后比较两组学生专业知识考核成绩总分及优秀率,并通过问卷调查两组学生对各自教学方法的满意度。结果 ①实验组学生在肝癌、胰头癌、肝门胆管癌相关知识考核成绩的优秀率均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.01)。②实验组学生和对照组学生总分分别为(82.1±1.8)分和(91.9±2.0)分,组间差异无统计学意义(t=19.78,P=0.63)。③实验组和对照组的满意度分别为96.7%(29/30)和80.0%(24/30),组间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.043,P=0.044)。结论 3D打印技术有利于学生更好地理解和掌握肝、胆、胰腺的立体解剖学特点,有助于提高肝胆外科学的教学效果。
Objective Discuss the application of three dimensional(3D) printing model in the teaching of hepatobiliary surgery.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, 60 eight year medical students were selected from who practiced in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Peking University People's Hospital and they were randomly divided into study group and control group, 30 in each group. The traditional teaching methods were used in the 2 groups and the research group was assisted with 3D printing model. Selected the complex data MRI of section Ⅶ of liver cancer, hilar cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer from the patients in the department of hepatobiliary surgery, produced equal size 3D model by 3D printers. The total score and excellent rate of the 2 groups were compared, and the satisfaction degree was compared by questionnaire survey.Results (1)Students in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group in the knowledge of liver cancer, pancreatic head cancer and hilar cholangiocarcinoma, there were significant differences between groups(均P＜0.01). (2)The total scores of the control group and the study group were (82.1±1.8) and (91.9±2.0), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=19.78, P=0.63). (3)The control group and study group satisfaction were 80.0% (24/30) and 96.7% (29/30), there was significant difference between the groups (χ2=4.043, P=0.044).Conclusions 3D printing technology is helpful for students to better understand and master the three-dimensional anatomy of the liver, bile duct, pancreas, and help to improve the teaching effect of the department of hepatobiliary surgery.
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