目的 探讨护理学专业学生的学校适应和心理健康的现状以及两者之间的关系,为采取有针对性的心理健康教育措施提供参考。方法 2018年4月,选取吉林省延边大学和北华大学2015级~2017级护理学专业583名学生为研究对象,采用症状自评量表(symptomchecklist-90,SCL-90)和中国大学生适应量表进行现场问卷调查。结果 SCL-90阳性症状检出率35.2%(205/583),三年级学生躯体化因子分[(1.38±0.40)分]高于一年级和二年级学生[(1.27±0.29)分、(1.33±0.34)分],差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);三年级学生的学校适应评分[(2.81±0.50)分]低于一年级和二年级学生评分[(3.00±0.58)分、(3.02±0.80)分],其差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。学生的情绪适应评分[(2.95±0.74)分]与焦虑因子分[(1.41±0.40)分](P<0.01)和精神病性因子分[(1.33±0.37)分](P<0.05)显著相关。结论 护理学专业学生心理健康整体状况欠佳,三年级学生学校适应水平较差,情绪适应与焦虑和精神病性因子显著相关。高校可以通过普及大学生情绪管理的相关课程,促进护理学专业学生更好地适应学习和生活,提高心理健康水平。

Objective To explore the status quo and the relationship between school adaptation and mental health of nursing college students,as well as the predictive effect of school adaptation on mental health,which provides a reference for development ofstrategy of mental health education.Methods In April 2018,a questionnaire survey was conducted to 583 nursing students enrolled from 2015 to 2017 in Yanbian University and Beihua University using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Chinese college students adaptation scale (CCSAS).Results The positive rate of SCL-90 was 35.2% (205/583),the somatic symptoms of third grade students(1.38±0.40)were more obvious than grade one and grade two (1.27±0.29,1.33±0.34) (P<0.05).The school adaptation of grade three students(2.81±0.50)was not so good as grade one and grade two(3.00±0.58,3.02±0.80) (all P<0.05).Emotional adaptation of nursing students(2.95±0.74) was significantly correlated with anxiety (1.41±0.40)(P<0.01) and psychotic disorder(1.33±0.37)(P<0.05).Conclusions The overall mental health of students from nursing school was not good,the third grade students had a even lower level of school adaptation,and emotional adaptation is significantly correlated with anxiety and psychosis.Through the popularization of emotional management courses,colleges can support the nursing students to better adapt to the institution life,which improves their mental health and prevents the occurrence of mental disorders.