随着全球化进程的加速,美国医学院校日益重视全球卫生教育。本研究采用文献研究的方法对美国医学生参加全球卫生教育的形式、效果与相关发展策略等进行分析。结果表明,美国医学生参加全球卫生教育的频率逐渐增加,参与形式不断丰富和完善,许多医学院已经摸索出结构化的全球卫生课程体系。我国应当积极发展全球卫生教育,以更好地满足全球化时代对于医学人才培养的需求;同时,应当加强全球卫生课程建设,重视为医学生提供差异性环境下的学习机会。
Accompanying the acceleration of globalization,American medical schools attach more importance to global health education.In this study,reviews of relevant literatures was conducted to summarize the formats,effects,and development measures of global health education for American medical students.According to the results,more and more American medical students participated in global health education through increasingly diversified formats.Many American medical schools established structured global health education curriculum.China should actively develop global health education in order to better meet demands for medical professionals in an era of globalization.In addition to strengthening the development of global health education courses,China’s medical schools should provide medical students with more opportunities to study under a circumstance that are different from the one that they are familiar with.
[1] Frenk J,Chen L,Bhutta ZA,et al.Health professionals for a new century:transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world[J].Lancet,2010,376(9756):1923-1958.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5.
[2] Association of American Medical Colleges.Medical school graduation questionnaire[R].Washington,DC:Association of American Medical Colleges:2018.
[3] Khan OA,Guerrant R,Sanders J,et al.Global health education in U.S.medical schools[J].BMC Med Educ,2013,13:3.DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-13-3.
[4] Yale School of Medicine.Yale students going global[EB/OL].[2019-05-20].https://medicine.yale.edu/education/gho/yalestudents/.
[5] Emergency Medicine Residents' Association.International rotations[EB/OL].[2019-05-20].https://www.emra.org/students/advising-resources/apply-for-away-rotations/international-rotations/.
[6] Panosian C,Coates TJ.The new medical “missionaries”--grooming the next generation of global health workers[J].N Engl J Med,2006,354(17):1771-1773.DOI:10.1056/NEJMp068035.
[7] Moran D,Edwardson J,Cuneo CN,et al.Development of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine:a student-driven initiative[J].Med Educ Online,2015,20:28632.DOI:10.3402/meo.v20.28632.
[8] Stys D,Hopman W,Carpenter J.What is the value of global health electives during medical school?[J].Med Teach,2013,35(3):209-218.DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2012.731107.
[9] Gupta AR,Wells CK,Horwitz RI,et al.The international health program:the fifteen-year experience with Yale University's internal medicine residency program[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,1999,61(6):1019-1023.DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.1019.
[10] Chiller TM,De Mieri P,Cohen I.International health training.The Tulane experience[J].Infect Dis Clin North Am,1995,9(2):439-443.
[11] Quinn TC.The Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health:transcending borders for world health[J].Acad Med,2008,83(2):134-142.DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318160b101.
[12] Peluso MJ,Forrestel AK,Hafler JP,et al.Structured global health programs in U.S.medical schools:a web-based review of certificates,tracks,and concentrations[J].Acad Med,2013,88(1):124-130.DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182765768.
[13] Goldner BW,Bollinger RC.Global health education for medical students:new learning opportunities and strategies[J].Med Teach,2012,34(1):e58-63.DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2012.638008.
[14] The Johns Hopkins University.Global health leadership program[EB/OL].[2019-05-20].http://hopkinsglobalhealth.org/funding-opportunities/global-health-leadership-program.
[15] 徐彤武.全球卫生:国家实力、现实挑战与中国发展战略[J].国际政治研究,2016,37(3):9-40.
