美国和中国在医学博士后的学科结构和资助体系上各有不同。本研究通过文献回顾和数据调研,对中美医学博士后研究人员数量、研究与发展(researchanddevelopment,R&D)经费、研究论文数量和质量,以及中美医学博士后的学科领域结构进行了分析和比较。结果表明,我国对医学博士后的R&D经费投入以及医学博士后人员发表在以Nature、Science等高影响因子期刊的论文数量处于快速增长阶段,而美国趋于稳定。中美医学博士后人员占博士后人员的比例分别为10.9%(1980/18244)和29.3%(18975/64712),均以临床医学为主。本文阐述了我国医学博士后人员培养中,在经费投入、创新能力培养等方面存在的不足并提出了相关建议,包括提高对医学博士后的资助力度,优化医学博士后合作导师队伍,改善医学博士后科研环境,优化医学博士后学科布局。
关键词：
医学博士后; 中国; 美国; 培养; 思考
The United States and China have different disciplinary structure and R&D investment and post-doctoral funding systems.Postdocs play an important role in scientific research output.In order to understand the development status of post-doctoral development in China and the United States,especially the problems in post-doctoral training,this study compares the number of postdocs,R&D expenditure,quality and quality of research papers,and post-doctoral disciplinary structure between China and the United States to analyzes.The study found that the American R&D investment in the past 20 years and its ratio to GDP has stabilized,and the number of papers published in high-quality journals represented by Nature and Science has also stabilized,while both of them in China is still in a period of rapid growth.American medical postdocs who mainly study in clinical medicine account for 10.9%(1 980/18 244) of the total number of postdocs,while the proportion of Chinese medical postdocs is about 29.3%(18 975/64 712),mainly in clinical medicine.In this article,the insufficient of funding and quality of innovation training were discussed during the post-doctoral training process in China.In order to promote the development of medical postdocs,it was suggeste to improve medical postdoctoral funding and research environment and to optimize the layout of postdoctoral disciplines for promoting the development of China human resources in research emerging.
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