目的 分析2018年我国普通高校临床医学专业本科教育招生规模的总体状况以及不同类型高校、不同区域的招生规模情况,以期为合理优化招生规模提供依据。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法,分析不同类型高校的单点招生数、校均招生数及不同区域招生的总体规模与相对规模情况。 结果 2018年,我国180所高校共计划招收临床医学专业本科生70 480人,每10万人口招生数为5.1人,校均招生数为392人,单点招生数最大为1 350人;44所高校的单点招生数在600人以上;普通本科院校或地方公办高校的校均招生数高于985、211高校或中央部门办高校;招生的总体规模与相对规模在不同区域间有较大差异。结论 我国临床医学专业本科教育招生总体规模尚需适度扩大,存在部分高校单点招生规模过大、不同类型高校招生规模差异明显、地区分布不平衡的现象。
Objective By analyzing the overall situation of enrolment scale and the differences among different types of HEIs and different regions of undergraduate medical education of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in China in 2018, to provide basis for the optimization of enrolment scale. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to analyze the single HEI enrolment, the average enrolment, and enrolment of different provinces. Results Totally 180 HEIs admitted 70 480 medical undergraduate students in 2018, 5.1 students per 100,000 population, 392 students per school, the single enrolment size of 44 HEIs was more than 600 students. The average scale of ordinary HEIs is much higher than that of 985 and 211 Project HEIs. The overall size and relative size of enrolment vary greatly among different provinces. Conclusions The enrolment scale of undergraduate medical education needs to be expanded, and there still exist problems to be solved, such as large single HEI enrolment scale in many HEIs, obvious differences in the enrolment scale of different types of HEI and uneven distribution among provinces.
[1] 罗友晖, 侯建林, 王志锋, 等. 1998年～2012年中国普通高校临床医学专业招生规模研究[J].中华医学教育杂志,2015,35(5):651-654,740.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2015.05.004.
[2]Association of American Medical Colleges. Results of the 2017 Medical School Enrollment Survey[EB/OL].[2019-7-22].https://www.acgme.org/About-Us/Publications-and-Resources/Graduate-Medical-Education-Data-Resource-Book/GraduateMedicalEducation/GraduateMedicalEducationDataResourceBook.
[3]汪玲. 论健康中国建设对医学人才培养的新要求[J]. 中国大学教学,2017(2):25-31.
[4]陈昕煜, 吕兆丰. 医教协同加快建立实施适应行业特点的医学人才培养制度[J].医学教育管理,2016,2(1):321-325. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2016.01.001.
[5]Hou J, Michaud C, Li Z, et al. Transformation of the education of health professionals in China: progress and challenges[J].Lancet, 2014,384(9945):819-827. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61307-6.
[6]Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al.Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world[J]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica,2011,28(2):337-341.DOI: 10.1590/s1726-46342011000200023.
[7]Duvivier RJ, Boulet JR, Opalek A, et al. Overview of the world's medical schools: an update[J]. Med Educ, 2014,48(9):860-869. DOI: 10.1111/medu.12499.
[8]Xu D, Sun B, Wan X, et al. Reformation of medical education in China[J]. Lancet, 2010,375(9725):1502-1504. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60241-3.
[9]侯建林, 董哲, 王维民, 等. 重新审视我国高等医学教育扩招问题[J].中国卫生人才,2013(6):26-28.
