目的 研究医学本科生参加眼科临床实践的心理压力、心理压力应对方式及两者间的相关性,为促进医学生心理健康发展提供科学依据。方法 2019年采用一般情况调查表、大学生心理压力问卷、简易应对方式问卷,对中山大学105名参加眼科临床实习的临床医学专业本科生进行整群抽样调查。结果 医学本科生在眼科临床实践中总压力感得分是3.0(3.0,4.0),心理压力总得分为105.0(98.0,110.0),不同人口学特征学生的心理压力差异具有统计学意义。眼科临床实践医学本科生面对心理压力时积极和消极应对得分分别为1.67(1.63,1.78)和1.28(1.26,1.36)。在积极应对方式上,女性、城镇户籍、非首次实践的学生分数分别高于男性、农村、首次实践的学生 [1.69(1.65,1.78)分比1.63(1.61,1.84)分、1.69(1.65,1.85)分比1.63(1.59,1.63)分、1.78(1.69,1.86)分比1.63(1.60,1.64)分];在消极应对方式上,首次实践分数比非首次高[1.28(1.25,1.32)分比1.27(1.26,1.36)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各项心理压力均与积极应对得分呈负相关(P<0.05),社交、生活、自我发展和择业压力及总压力感等均与消极应对得分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论 医学本科生在眼科临床实践中承受着心理压力,且受性别、户籍、实践经历等因素影响,同时学生面对压力的应对方式也比较单一。教育工作者应当高度关注参加眼科临床实践的医学本科生的心理压力和应对方式情况,结合不同群体特点有针对性地开展心理健康教育和指导,采取有效措施减少学生心理压力,促进学生心理健康。

Objective To study the correlation between psychological stress and coping style of medical undergraduates participating in ophthalmic clinical practice, and to provide scientific basis for promoting the development of mental health of medical students.Methods All 105 medical undergraduates from Sun Yat-sen University who participated in the clinical practice of ophthalmology were investigated by means of general situation questionnaire, psychological stress questionnaire and simple coping style questionnaire.Results According to the description of median and quartile distance, the total stress of Undergraduates in ophthalmology clinical practice is 3.0(3.0,4.0),and the total score of psychological stress is 105.0(98.0,110.0).The difference of psychological pressure of students with different demographic characteristics is statistically significant. The scores of positive and negative coping were 1.67(1.63,1.78)and 1.28(1.26,1.36), respectively. In terms of positive coping style, the scores of female, urban and non first practice students are higher than that of male, rural and first practice students respectively[1.69(1.65,1.78)vs 1.63(1.61,1.84),1.69(1.65,1.85)vs 1.63(1.59,1.63),1.78(1.69,1.86)vs 1.63(1.60,1.64)]; in terms of negative coping style, the scores of first practice are higher than that of non first practice students [1.28(1.25,1.32)vs 1.27(1.26,1.36)]. All kinds of psychological stress were negatively correlated with the score of positive coping (all P<0.05), while social,life,self-development,job selection stress and total stress were positively correlated with the score of negative coping (all P<0.05).Conclusions Medical undergraduates bear psychological pressure in ophthalmic clinical practice, and are influenced by gender, household registration, practical experience and other factors. At the same time, the coping style of students facing pressure is relatively single. Educators should pay close attention to the psychological stress and coping style of medical undergraduates who take part in the clinical practice of ophthalmology, carry out mental health education and guidance according to the characteristics of different groups, take effective measures to reduce the psychological stress of students and promote mental health.