目的 调查上海市基层公共卫生医师的胜任力现状,为制定针对性提升对策提供参考。方法 采用问卷调查方法,问卷依据麦克利兰胜任力辞典,结合文献研究、行为事件访谈和专家咨询设计。2023年2月,对上海市247家社区卫生服务中心的全部1 664名公共卫生医师进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验。结果 基层公共卫生医师胜任力评分为153.00分(满分为210分)。各维度评分从高到低依次为职业精神4.00(3.43,4.29)分、综合能力3.75(3.13,4.00)分、专业技能3.67(3.00,4.00)分、研究与发展能力3.50(3.00,4.00)分、专业知识3.25(3.00,4.00)分。初级、中级、高级职称的公共卫生医师胜任力评分分别为151.00(130.75,168.00)分、155.00(137.00,168.00)分、167.50(149.00,173.00)分,专业培训次数为0～3次、4～6次、大于6次的基层公共卫生医师胜任力评分分别为149.00(128.00,168.00)分、151.00(133.00,167.00)分、157.00(136.00,168.00)分,不同职称和不同培训次数的基层公共卫生医师胜任力差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 当前上海市基层公共卫生医师的胜任力水平尚可,专业知识与研究发展能力有待提高。相关机构需要对不同职称和培训次数的基层公共卫生医师开展针对性的培训以提升其胜任力水平。
关键词：
公共卫生; 医师; 胜任力; 基层; 现状
Objective To investigate the current status of competencies among community-based public health physicians in Shanghai and to inform targeted competency improvement strategies. Methods A structured questionnaire was designed based on the McClelland competency dictionary and informed by literature review, behavioral event interviews, and expert consultation. In February 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among all 1 664 community-based public health physicians from 247 community health service centers in Shanghai. Statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparison between groups. Results The overall competency score of community-based public health physicians was 153.00 (out of a maximum of 210). The scores of each competency dimension, ranked from highest to lowest, were as follows: professional ethics 4.00 (3.43, 4.29), general competencies 3.75 (3.13, 4.00), professional skills 3.67 (3.00, 4.00), research and development ability 3.50 (3.00, 4.00), and professional knowledge 3.25 (3.00, 4.00). The competency scores of community-based public health physicians with junior, intermediate, and senior professional titles were 151.00 (130.75, 168.00), 155.00 (137.00, 168.00), and 167.50 (149.00, 173.00), respectively. The competency scores of community-based public health physicians with 0-3, 4-6, and more than 6 professional training sessions were 149.00 (128.00, 168.00), 151.00 (133.00, 167.00), and 157.00 (136.00, 168.00), respectively. Statistically significant differences in competency scores were observed both among community-based public health physicians with different professional titles and training frequencies (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The current competency level of community-based public health physicians in Shanghai was found to be generally acceptable. However, professional knowledge and research and development ability still require further improvement.It is recommended that relevant institutions provide targeted training for community-based public health physicians based on differences in professional titles and training frequencies to further enhance their overall competency level.
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