目的 编制医学生共情反应水平的评估量表并检验其信度和效度。方法 2021年8月—2023年6月,采用文献回顾和半结构化访谈方法,构建测量医学生共情反应水平的核心维度和初始条目池,通过专家咨询法确定医学生共情反应水平量表。2023年8月,用方便抽样法,选取陕西省7所高校11个医学门类专业396名学生进行在线调查,应用克朗巴赫系数、因子分析等方法检验量表的信度和效度。结果 医学生共情反应水平量表包括情感、认知、行为、文化4个维度,共18个条目,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.63~1.00,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.89,所有条目均满足纳入标准。经过筛选,确定322份问卷为有效问卷,有效问卷回收率81.3%。统计结果显示,量表总分为126分,医学生评分为(102.73±14.07)分;量表克朗巴赫系数为0.939,4个维度的克朗巴赫系数分别为0.770、0.906、0.824、0.781;组合信度(CR值)分别为0.765、0.905、0.829、0.782。提取4个公因子进行因子分析,可以解释总变异程度的67.3%,各维度之间的r 为 0.631~0.801,各条目载荷系数处于0.516~0.861,量表的模型拟合指标RMSEA =0.086,RMR=0.064,CFI=0.908,其他拟合指标均接近 0.900。结论 本研究编制了医学生共情反应水平量表并进行了验证,量表条目较为全面准确,具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于评估医学生的共情反应水平。
Objective To develop and validate a scale for assessing the level of empathy responses in medical students. Methods From August 2021 to June 2023, a literature review and semi-structured interviews were conducted to construct the core dimensions and initial item pool for measuring empathy responses in medical students. Expert consultation was used to finalize the scale. In August 2023, a convenience sampling method was applied to select 396 students from 11 medical disciplines across 7 universities in Shaanxi Province for an online survey. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and factor analysis. Results The scale consists of four dimensions—emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and cultural—comprising 18 items. The content validity index for individual items ranged from 0.63 to 1.00, while the scale's content validity index was 0.89. All items met the inclusion criteria. A total of 322 valid questionnaires were selected, resulting in a valid response rate of 81.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that the total score for the scale was 126, with a mean score of (102.73±14.07) for the medical students. The Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.939, with individual dimensions scoring 0.770, 0.906, 0.824, and 0.781, respectively. The composite reliability (CR) values for the four dimensions were 0.765, 0.905, 0.829, and 0.782. Factor analysis identified four common factors that explained 67.3% of the total variance, with correlations between dimensions ranging from 0.631 to 0.801. Item loadings ranged from 0.516 to 0.861. The model fit indices were RMSEA = 0.086, RMR = 0.064, and CFI = 0.908, with other fit indices close to 0.900. Conclusions The empathy response scale for medical students was developed and validated. The scale demonstrates comprehensive accuracy with good reliability and validity, making it suitable for evaluating empathy responses in medical students.
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