研究生教育学科专业目录是我国研究生教育领域学位授予和人才培养的重要基石,其调整变迁是研究生教育事业发展的风向标。在2022年版学科目录发布并正式实施背景下,本研究基于历史制度主义理论,对我国医学门类研究生教育学科专业目录的历史沿革进行梳理,并从影响因素、动力机制和路径依赖3个方面对制度变迁的逻辑进行分析。研究发现,理念性因素、外生性因素和内生性因素影响医学门类研究生学科专业目录调整,行政主体、学术主体、市场主体和行业主体作为参与主体,通过替代、层叠、漂移和转换模式推动医学门类研究生教育学科专业目录渐进式变迁,并通过回报递增、权力不均衡、制度黏附性和制度互补性推动2022年版医学门类研究生学科专业目录的自我强化并形成路径依赖。在2022年版学科专业目录实施过程中,医学院校应当关注学科专业目录设置与调整的影响因素,及时响应急需紧缺人才的培养;遵循学科专业目录设置与调整的动力机制,准确把握学科专业目录调整的方向;利用学科专业目录设置与调整的路径依赖,重视培养高层次应用型医学人才,推动医学研究生教育事业发展。
The specialty catalogue of postgraduate education serves as a crucial cornerstone for degree conferral and talent cultivation in China's postgraduate education sector. Its adjustments and changes function as a barometer for the development of graduate education. Against the backdrop of the release and official implementation of the 2022 edition of the discipline catalogue, this study, based on the theoretical perspective of historical institutionalism, sorts out the historical evolution of the specialty catalogue of postgraduate education in the health professions category in China, and analyzes the logic of institutional changes from three aspects: influencing factors, dynamic mechanisms, and path dependence. The paper finds that ideological factors, exogenous factors, and endogenous factors influence the adjustment of the medical discipline classification. Administrative entities, academic entities, market entities, and industry entities, as participating entities, drive gradual changes in the medical discipline classification through substitution, layering, drifting, and transformation patterns. Furthermore, increasing returns, power imbalances, institutional adhesion, and institutional complementarity facilitate the self-reinforcement of the 2022 edition of the medical discipline classification system and contribute to path dependence. In the process of implementing the 2022 edition of the specialty catalogue, medical colleges and universities should pay attention to the influencing factors of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue, and promptly respond to the cultivation of urgently needed talents. They should also follow the dynamic mechanism of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue to accurately grasp the direction of the adjustment, and utilize the path dependence of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue, attaching importance to the cultivation of high-level applied medical talents, so as to promote the development of postgraduate education in health professions.
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