目的 分析我国高等职业教育专科(以下简称“高职专科”)临床医学专业布点数量与分布,为优化专业布局和完善相关政策提供依据。方法 采用描述性统计方法,基于高职专科专业设置备案数据,分析我国2014至2024年高职专科临床医学专业布点数量与分布,利用泰尔指数分析区域分布差异来源。结果 2014至2024年高职专科临床医学专业布点数从111个增长至136个,2020年峰值为150个。2024年公办卫生类、综合类高职(专科)院校和民办院校分别为58所(42.6%)、42所(30.9%)和16所(11.8%)。全国每千万人口和每10万平方千米高职专科临床医学专业布点数分别为1.0个和1.4个。按照人口配置,总泰尔指数为0.07,地区内贡献率为54.1%;按照地理面积配置,总泰尔指数达0.31,地区内贡献率为56.0%。结论 高职专科临床医学专业布点增长得到控制,开设该专业的院校类型多。按照人口配置,专业布点分布较为均衡,按照地理面积配置,专业布点分布差异较大,差异主要来自地区内。因此,建议在控制高职专科临床医学专业布点的同时,完善顶层设计,强化分类监管,深化省级医教协同,科学调整、优化专业布局。

Objective To analyze the quantity and distribution of vocational college clinical medicine programs in China, to provide an empirical basis for optimizing program allocation and improving relevant policies. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were employed, utilizing data on vocational college program establishment from 2014 to 2024. The quantity and distribution of clinical medicine programs over the past decade were analyzed, and the Theil index was used to examine the sources of regional distribution disparities. Results From 2014 to 2024, there were an increase in vocational college clinical medicine programs from 111 to 136, with a peak of 150 in 2020. In 2024, there were 58 (42.6%) public health-focused vocational colleges, 42 (30.9%) comprehensive vocational colleges, and 16 (11.8%) private institutions offering these programs. Nationally, the number of vocational college clinical medicine programs for every 10 million populations and every 100 thousand square kilometers was 1.0 and 1.4. Based on population distribution, there was a total Theil index of 0.07, with an intra-regional contribution rate of 54.1%; based on geographic area, there was a total Theil index of 0.31, with an inter-regional contribution rate of 56.0%. Conclusions The growth of clinical medicine programs in vocational colleges has been restrained, and the types of institutions offering these programs are diverse. The population-based distribution shows a relatively balanced program allocation, the geographic area-based distribution reveals significant disparities. The differences primarily originate from within the regions. It is recommended that, while program quantity should be controlled, classified supervision is to be strengthened, top-level design to be enhanced, and scientific adjustments made to optimize program distribution.