目的 了解医学院校预防医学专业本科生的科研素养现状及其影响因素,为有效完善预防医学专业本科人才培养方案提供依据。方法 采用自制调查问卷,2024年4月对陕西省某医学院2019~2021级预防医学专业348名学生进行整群抽样调查。调查内容主要包括学生基本信息、科研素养现状以及参与科研活动的情况。采用描述性分析、Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同特征预防医学专业本科生的科研素养评分,采用多元Logistic逐步回归方法分析预防医学专业本科生科研素养的影响因素。结果 预防医学专业本科生的科研素养评分为3.5(0.9)分。其中,科研精神评分最高,为3.6(1.0)分;科研意识和科研方法评分分别为3.4(1.0)分和3.2(0.8)分。多元回归分析结果显示,参与科研活动的预防医学专业本科生更具备基本的科研素养(OR=2.738,95%CI:1.509~4.965)和掌握基本的科研方法(OR=2.159,95%CI:1.276~3.652);有考研意愿的学生更具备科研精神(OR=2.080,95%CI:1.062~4.075);女生相对于男生更具备基本科研意识(OR=2.104,95%CI:1.219~3.633);父母亲任何一方的最高学历为专科/本科比高中及以下的学生,科研意识更强(OR=2.702,95%CI:1.004~7.276;OR=2.801,95%CI:1.204~6.517)。上述差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 陕西省某医学院2019~2021级预防医学专业本科生的科研素养良好,但科研方法掌握较弱。科研素养的影响因素为性别、父母亲任何一方的最高学历、考研意愿和参与科研活动情况。因此,在本科教育阶段应当加强科研方法的训练,鼓励学生积极参与科研活动,并根据学生的个体差异采取针对性的措施,促进其科研素养的养成。

Objective To investigate the current status of scientific research literacy and its influencing factors among undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine at medical universities, thereby informing the further optimization of their training program. Methods In April 2024, a total of 348 undergraduate students in preventive medicine enrolled in 2019~2021 at a medical university in Shaanxi Province were surveyed using a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The survey content mainly included students′ basic information, current scientific research literacy levels, and their participation in research activities. Descriptive analyses, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were conducted to compare scientific research literacy scores with varying characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influencing factors of scientific research literacy in this population. Results Students scored 3.5 (0.9) on research literacy, with the highest mark in research spirit [3.6(1.0)], followed by research awareness [3.4(1.0)] and research methodology [3.2(0.8)]. Multiple regression analysis revealed that students who participated in research activities were more likely to possess basic scientific research literacy (OR=2.738, 95% CI: 1.509~4.965) and master basic research methods (OR=2.159, 95% CI: 1.276~3.652). Students aspiring to postgraduate education were more likely to possess a research spirit (OR=2.080, 95% CI: 1.062~4.075). Female students demonstrated a higher likelihood of basic research awareness compared to male counterparts (OR=2.104, 95% CI: 1.219~3.633). Research awareness was stronger among students whose at least one parent holds a diploma or undergraduate degree, compared to those whose parents have a high school education or less (OR=2.702, 95%CI: 1.004~7.276; OR=2.801, 95%CI: 1.204~6.517). All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions While undergraduate students from 2019~2021 at a medical university in Shaanxi Province show good scientific literacy overall, their grasp of research methods is notably weaker. Gender, parental education, postgraduate intentions, and research participation are key factors influencing their research literacy. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance research methodology training within undergraduate preventive medicine education. By fostering active student engagement in research and employing individualized approaches tailored to student differences, their scientific research literacy could be improved.