目的 调查分析医学生对课外研学的认知与评价、参与情况及其影响因素,为优化课外研学设计、促进学生综合能力的提升提供科学依据。方法 2023年7月,以东南大学公共卫生学院预防医学专业、劳动与社会保障专业2018~2022级223名本科生为研究对象,采用整群抽样的方法,进行横断面问卷调查。问卷由研究团队自行设计、并通过问卷星平台发放。调查内容主要包括学生基本信息、对课外研学的评价、参与情况和参与动机等部分。通过Mann-Whitney U检验和χ²检验,对不同学生对课外研学的认知与评价和参与课外研学的参与动机进行分析。采用Logistic回归模型对课外研学活动的影响因素进行分析。结果 低年级学生对课外研学的了解程度、必要性、满意度、学习效果的评分均低于高年级[(2.46±0.71)分比(2.95±0.59)分,(3.00±0.76)分比(3.33±0.64)分,(2.46±0.84)分比(2.76±0.79)分,(3.11±0.73)分比(3.41±0.55)分],其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。课外研学普遍影响到第一课堂。不同年级学生倾向选择的课外研学活动类型、优先考虑的因素、不同专业参与项目的动机比较,其差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别、年级和动机对选择特定活动类型有所影响。个人兴趣对自主创业选择的影响较大。结论 医学生对课外研学的认知与评价总体良好,但低年级学生认知不容乐观。性别、年级、专业背景与参与动机等因素影响活动的选择。院校应加强课外研学活动在低年级学生中的普及和引导,建立全方位多层次课外研学体系,加强自主创业教育的引导和实践机会,增加学生自主学习的新灵感。

Objective To investigateand analysis medical students′ cognition and evaluation of and participation in extracurricular research and its influencing factors, and to provide empirical evidence for optimising the design of extracurricular research and promoting the improvement of students′ comprehensive ability. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey using cluster sampling method was conducted in July 2023 with 223 undergraduate students majoring in Preventive Medicine and Labor and Social Securityfrom the School of Public Health, Southeast University, class of 2018~2022 as the study population. The questionnaire was designed by the research team and distributed through the Questionnaire Star platform.The survey content mainly included basic information, extracurricular research cognition and evaluation, participation, motivation, among others. Cognition and evaluation of extracurricular research andthe main reasons and considerations of students from different grades and majors to participate in extracurricular research were analysed by Mann-Whitney U test and χ²test. Logistic regression model was used to analyse the influencing factors of whether to choose a certain extracurricular research activity. Results The Likert scores in understanding, necessity, satisfaction, and learning outcomes of extracurricular research oflower grade students were all lower than those in the higher grade[(2.46±0.71) vs.(2.95±0.59), (3.00±0.76) vs.(3.33±0.64), (2.46±0.84) vs.(2.76±0.79), (3.11±0.73) vs.(3.41±0.55), all P<0.05]. Extracurricular research generally affects the first classroom. There were differences in the types of extracurricular research activities tended to be chosen by different grades, the factors prioritised, and the motivation to participate in the programme across different majors (P<0.05). Gender, grade level, and motivation influenc the choice of specific activity types. Personal interest had a greater influence on the choice of self-employment.Conclusions Medical students generally have a positive cognition and evaluation of extracurricular research, but the cognition of lower-grade students is not optimistic. Factors such as gender, grade, professional background and participation motivation influence the choice of activities.Institutions should strengthen the popularity and guidance of extracurricular research activities in the lower grades, establish an all-round and multi-level extracurricular research system, strengthen the guidance and practice opportunities for independent entrepreneurship education, and increase the time for students to learn independently, so as to optimise the mode of extracurricular research, and stimulate the enthusiasm of students′ participation and creative inspiration.