目的 开展教师和学生双视角下的高校在线教学现状调查,提出我国高校在线教学质量优化路径。方法 采用问卷调查方法,自编问卷于2022年3至9月对大连医科大学、大连理工大学、大连外国语大学3所高校的451名教师和1 805名学生开展问卷调查,并对调查结果进行描述性统计分析。结果 258名(57.2%)教师和1 239名(68.6%)学生对线上课程持支持态度,315名(69.8%)教师和815名(45.2%)学生认为“全程在线直播”是线上教学最适合的形式,240名(53.2%)教师和1 202名(66.6%)学生对未来“线上教学形式常态化应用于日常教学”持肯定态度。在线教学方案调整方面,教师和学生的观点存在较大差异,345名(76.5%)教师认为“需要调整”,949名(52.6%)学生则认为“不需要调整”。结论 目前教师和学生对在线教学持支持态度,高校需要理性分析在线教学的优缺点,选择学生需求和课程性质契合度高的在线教学形式,创新课程建设与课程设计,完善在线教学质量评价体系。

Objective To investigate the current state of online teaching in universities from the perspectives of teachers and students and propose optimization paths for improving the quality of online teaching in Chinese universities. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted from March to September 2022 at Dalian Medical University, Dalian University of Technology, and Dalian University of Foreign Languages. The survey included 451 teachers and 1 805 students, and the results were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 258(57.2%) teachers and 1 239(68.6%) students held a supportive attitude towards online courses. 315(69.8%) teachers and 815(45.2%) students believed that ″full online live streaming″ is the most suitable form of online teaching. A total of 240(53.2%) teachers and 1 202(66.6%) students held a positive attitude towards the future normalization of online teaching in daily education. There were significant differences in opinions regarding the adjustment of online teaching plans: 345(76.5%) teachers believed ″adjustments are needed,″ while 949(52.6%) students believed ″adjustments are not needed.″ Conclusions Currently, both teachers and students hold supportive attitudes towards online teaching. Universities need to rationally analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching, choose online teaching methods that highly match student needs and course characteristics, innovate course construction and design, and improve the online teaching quality evaluation system.