目的 分析医学生选择境外交流项目的影响因素,提出促进医学生参与境外交流、加强国际化人才培养的建议。方法 2023年2至3月,对北京大学医学部曾经参与过或有意愿参与境外交流项目的学生进行问卷调查。采用χ²检验比较不同学历层次、不同性别医学生选择境外交流项目的影响因素及其对境外交流项目特征的偏好差异。结果 共回收有效问卷1 158份。医学生选择境外交流项目时影响因素重要性占比排在前3位的分别是访问学校的教育质量[1 073人(92.7%)]、学校声望[1 045人(90.2%)]、治安/人身安全[1 043人(90.1%)]。此外,导师名望[999人(86.3%)]、申请难度[871人(75.2%)]、国际环境[856人(73.9%)]、项目费用[816人(70.5%)]等影响因素的重要性占比均在70%以上。不同学历层次的医学生在选择境外交流项目的所在地、校园硬件及后勤保障、项目时长等影响因素的重要性占比差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。例如,相比本科生[368人(52.5%)]和硕士生[125人(61.9%)],更高比例的博士生[168人(65.9%)认为项目时长的影响重要。不同性别医学生选择境外交流项目时,在国际环境和学业压力等影响因素的重要性占比差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。例如:相比男生[345人(70.1%)],更高比例的女生[511人(76.7%)]认为国际环境的影响重要。结论 医学生选择境外交流项目主要受项目质量、安全因素、申请难度、项目费用等4个方面的影响,不同学历层次和性别医学生对项目特征有不同选择偏好。因此,学校在开展医学生境外交流项目时应当着重考虑项目质量和安全因素,为学生提供申请手续和项目费用上的支持,并针对不同类别医学生开发不同类型的项目。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of medical students' selection of overseas exchange programs, and propose recommendations to promote medical students' participation and strengthen international talent training. Methods In February and March, 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted for students from Peking University Health Science Center who had participated or intended to participate in overseas exchanges programs, χ² test was used to compare influencing factors affecting the selection of these programs and preferences of program features by medical students of different educational levels and genders. Results A total of 1 158 valid questionnaires were collected. The influencing factors with proportion of importance ranked top 3 in medical students' selection of overseas exchange programs were host universities' education quality [1 073 (92.7%)], school reputation [1 045 (90.2%)], and public security/personal safety [1 043 (90.1%)]. In addition, the following influencing factors such as the reputation of the supervisors [999 (86.3%)], difficulty in application [871 (75.2%)], international environment [856 (73.9%)], and program cost [816 (70.5%)] were all above 70%. There were statistically significant differences among students of different educational levels in relation to the proportion of importance of factors such as location of overseas exchange programs, campus facility and logistics support, and program duration (all P<0.05). For example, compared with undergraduate students [368 (52.5%)] and master students [125 (61.9%)], a higher proportion of doctoral students [168 (65.9%)] believed that the impact of program duration is important. Male and female medical students differed in the proportion of importance of factors such as international environment and academic pressure (all P<0.05). For example, compared with male students ([345 (70.1%)], a higher proportion of female students [511 (76.7%)] believed that the impact of international environment is important. Conclusions Medical students' selection of overseas exchange programs is mainly affected by program quality, safety, difficulty in application, and program cost. There are differences in the preferences of overseas exchange program features by medical students of different educational levels and genders. Therefore, when carrying out overseas exchange programs for medical students, the school should focus on the quality and safety of the programs, provide students with support in application procedures and program costs, develop different types of programs for different student groups.