目的 了解美国医学院校与医学生数量的分布情况及地区差异,分析其地区分布差异的主要来源,并探讨其原因。方法 采用描述性统计方法,利用2020年美国医学院校协会监测报表数据,分析美国医学院校和医学生数量的地区分布现状,借助泰尔指数分析其地区数量分布的差异来源。结果 2020年,美国共有155所医学院校,其中,东北地区42所(27.1%),中部地区35所(22.6%),南部地区55所(35.5%),西部地区23所(14.8%);在州府城市办学的35所(22.6%),县级城市办学的105所(67.7%),乡镇办学的15所(9.7%);综合性大学医学院128所(82.6%),独立医学院27所(17.4%)。2011至2020年,总录取人数从1.9万人上升至2.2万人,申录比从2.3上升至2.4。2020年美国医学生州内、州外入学人数、在校生人数分别为13 430人、8 657人、94 243人。医学院校数量、入学人数、在校生人数的泰尔指数贡献率地区内分别为54.9%、18.9%、77.6%,地区间分别为45.1%、81.1 %、22.4%。结论 美国医学院校分布不均衡,医学生数量不断扩增,但整体规模仍较小。美国医学生整体州内入学的人数更多,医学院校数量和入学人数的地区分布差异主要来自地区内,在校生人数分布差异主要来自地区间。
林皇涛
,
李粤鑫
,
贾金忠
,
严琪
,
雷晓花
,
朱睿
,
温明月
,
朱泉熔
,
徐明
. 美国医学院校与医学生数量分布及其地区差异性研究[J]. 中华医学教育杂志, 2024
, 44(2)
: 155
-160
.
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230306-00221
Objective To understand the distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States, to analyze the main sources of the regional distribution differences and explore the reasons. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the regional distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States by using the data of the monitoring report of the Association of American Medical Colleges in 2020. And Theil index was applied to analyze the sources of regional distribution differences. Results By 2020, there were 155 medical colleges and universities in the United States, including 42(27.1%) in the northeast, 35(22.6%) in the central, 55(35.5%) in the south and 23(14.8%) in the west. Among them, 35(22.6%) were running schools in state capital cities, 105(67.7%) in county-level cities, and 15(9.7%) in towns and townships. There are 128(82.6%) universities and 27(17.4%) independent medical colleges. From 2011 to 2020, the total number of admissions rose from 19 000 to 22 000, and the admission ratio rose from 2.3 to 2.4. In 2020, the number of medical students enrolled in the United States, both within the state and from outside, along with the number of students currently enrolled, were 13 430, 8 657, and 94 243 respectively. The contribution rates of the number of medical colleges, enrollment, and number of enrolled students to the Theil index are 54.9%, 18.9%, and 77.6% within the region, and 45.1%, 81.1%, and 22.4% between regions, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of medical colleges and universities in the United States is not balanced. The number of medical students is increasing, but the overall scale is still small, with more medical students enrolled within the state. The regional distribution differences in the number of medical colleges and enrollment mainly come from within the regions, while the distribution differences in the number of enrolled students mainly come from between regions.
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