共情能力是人文精神的重要体现。培养医学生共情能力呼应了“健康中国”战略背景下医学教育改革的总体目标和要求,有助于培养兼具医术和医德的卓越医学人才。本研究在教育教学实践中探索通过医学英语课堂培养医学生共情能力,紧扣共情能力的认知、情感和行为3个维度,结合语言和人文课堂的教学特色,选择医疗题材的影视片段作为教学素材,设计了符合医学生本科教育阶段特点的教学方案。在对参与教学的109名学生的调查中,有95人(87.2%)对教学形式非常认可,认为医学英语对提升共情能力有帮助。教学实践证明,该方案充分体现了语言类课程的人文属性,激发了学生的学习积极性。
Empathy is a core component of medical humanistic quality. Cultivating empathy conforms to the goals and requirements of medical education reform against the background of Healthy China Initiative and helps to cultivate outstanding medical talents with both professional and ethical competencies. The purpose of this study is to explore the teaching method for developing empathy in the course of English for medical purposes. Focusing on the cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of empathy and integrating characteristics of language and humanistic courses, this paper demonstrates the teaching plan for medical undergraduates, which uses selected medical film clips as supplementary teaching materials. In a survey of 109 medical undergraduates, 95 (87.2%) students are very satisfied with the teaching method, which is considered helpful in improving their empathy. The teaching practice proved that the teaching plan fully embodies the humanistic attributes of language courses and stimulates students′ learning enthusiasm.
[1] Seashore CE. Einfühlung, innere nachahmung, und organempfindungen[J] . Psychological Bulletin, 1904, 1(9): 329-330.
[2] Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents[J] . Acad Med, 2011,86(8):996-1009. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615.
[3] Buckman R, Tulsky JA, Rodin G. Empathic responses in clinical practice: intuition or tuition?[J] . CMAJ, 2011,183(5):569-571. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090113.
[4] Learning objectives for medical student education--guidelines for medical schools: report I of the medical school objectives project[J] . Acad Med, 1999,74(1):13-18. DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199901000-00010.
[5] 鲁琳, 李久辉. 美国医学共情探究及对医学人文教育的启示[J] .医学与哲学,2017,38(11):41-44. DOI: 10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2017.06a.11.
[6] 倪守建, 崔玉玲, 王书福, 等. 临床医学专业学位硕士研究生共情能力培育探析[J] .医学教育研究与实践,2017,25(3):382-384. DOI: 10.13555/j.cnki.c.m.e.2017.03.017.
[7] 刘蔚, 付瑶, 罗樱樱, 等. 情境模拟训练在提高医学生共情能力中的应用研究[J] .医学与哲学,2021,42(3):56-59. DOI: 10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2021.03.14.
[8] Hojat M, Shannon SC, DeSantis J, et al. Does empathy decline in the clinical phase of medical education? a nationwide, multi-institutional, cross-sectional study of students at do-granting medical schools[J] . Acad Med, 2020,95(6):911-918. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003175.
[9] Neumann M, Scheffer C, Tauschel D, et al. Physician empathy: definition, outcome-relevance and its measurement in patient care and medical education[J] . GMS Z Med Ausbild, 2012,29(1):Doc11. DOI: 10.3205/zma000781.
[10] Spatoula V, Panagopoulou E, Montgomery A. Does empathy change during undergraduate medical education? - a meta-analysis[J] . Med Teach, 2019,41(8):895-904. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2019.1584275.
[11] 李腾子, 蒋凯. 专业人才培养中怎样开展人文教育——基于医学人文教育的分析[J] .教育学术月刊,2020(12):46-52.
[12] 曹锦亚, 魏镜, 史丽丽, 等. 医学活动中的共情及困难*——巴林特工作对促进共情的作用[J] .医学与哲学,2015(8):4-7.
[13] 徐璐璐, 王芳, 汤丽. 感恩和领悟社会支持在上海市临床医学本科生共情能力与利他行为间的作用分析[J] .医学与社会,2022,35(9):87-92. DOI: 10.13723/j.yxysh.2022.09.017.
[14] 教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会.大学英语教学指南(2020版)[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2020:1-3.
[15] 吴泽扬, 任荣政. 医学英语课程听说教学中的医学人文精神“共情式”培育探索[J] .中华医学教育杂志,2021,41(6):514-518. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201225-01765.
[16] 孟昭兰.人类情绪[M] .上海:上海人民出版社, 1989:396-397.
[17] 李文, 李长瑾, 陈蓓蓓, 等. 叙事医学教育提升医学生共情能力的探索与实践[J] .中国卫生事业管理,2022,39(9):678-683.
[18] 王静, 程黎明, 崔海松, 等. 医学生人格特质与共情能力的相关性研究[J] .医学教育管理,2021,7(2):169-173. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-045X.2021.02.013.
[19] 尹若兮. 新医科背景下医学院校英语教学体系改革探索[J] .中国继续医学教育,2020,12(34):1-4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2020.34.001.
[20] 张维, 樊洁, 史淑萍. 叙事医学教育对临床专业医学生共情能力的影响[J] .广西医学,2020,42(2):244-245. DOI: 10.11675/j.issn.0253-4304.2020.02.33.
[21] 陈晨, 陈琳, 郭子凯, 等. 以医学人文英语为依托的全科医学生共情教育教学改革探索及启示[J] .中国医学伦理学,2020,33(8):1022-1025. DOI: 10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2020.08.25.
[22] Costa-Drolon E, Verneuil L, Manolios E, et al. Medical students′ perspectives on empathy: a systematic review and metasynthesis[J] . Acad Med, 2021,96(1):142-154. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003655.
