随着胜任力导向的新一代医学教育改革的推进,中日两国临床执业医师资格考试均以考查临床医生岗位胜任力为目标进行了一系列改革。在命制试题时如何模拟临床真实场景,实现在模拟临床环境下考查考生综合能力和临床思维成为两国临床执业医师资格考试亟待解决的问题。通过比较中日两国临床执业医师资格考试试题,发现两国考试都致力于提高临床案例型试题的质量,日本临床案例型试题从提高融合型试题的比重入手,在命制临床案例型试题,切实考查考生信息处理能力、疾病诊断能力、决策能力等方面,值得我国临床执业医师资格考试借鉴。

With the advancement of the competency-based medical education reform, both China and Japan have carried out a series of reforms to test the competencies of clinicians in respective Medical Practitioners Examinations (MPE). How to reconstruct a high-fidelity representation of clinical environments by designing examination questions to assess comprehensive ability and clinical thinking in a simulated setting, has become an urgent problem to be solved in the medical examinations in both countries. By comparing the questions of Medical Practitioners Examinations between China and Japan, it is concluded that both countries are committed to improving the quality of clinical case type examination questions. The Japanese clinical case type examination questions, starting with increasing the proportion of fusion type examination questions, making clinical case type examination questions with higher cognitive levels, practically examining examinees' information processing, disease induction and reasoning, and ability to make decisions at the moment, which are valuable to inform China's MPE.