目的 探讨以结果为导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)的混合教学模式在呼吸系统人体虚拟仿真实验教学中的应用效果。方法 2019年9月至2021年12月,选取浙江大学医学院2017级和2019级五年制临床医学专业参加机能学实验教学的562名学生为研究对象,2019级312名学生设为试验组,2017级250名学生设为对照组。对照组参加线下呼吸系统动物实验,采用线上线下相结合的混合教学模式;试验组除线下呼吸系统动物实验外,新增呼吸系统人体虚拟仿真实验,采用基于OBE的线上线下混合教学模式。通过考试成绩和对试验组学生的问卷调查结果评价教学效果,采用t 检验进行数据分析。结果 试验组学生的期末考试成绩[(13.6±1.6)分比(12.2±2.5)分,P<0.001]和总成绩[(12.0±0.6)分比(11.5±0.9)分,P<0.001]均高于对照组。问卷调查结果显示,试验组学生对基于OBE的人体虚拟仿真实验在提高学习兴趣[(4.1±0.7)分比(3.5±0.5)分]和学习效率[(4.0±0.8)分比(3.7±0.8)分],增加主动参与程度[(4.2±0.7)分比(3.6±0.8)分]等方面的评分均高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论 基于OBE混合教学模式的人体虚拟仿真实验有助于提升学生的呼吸系统实验学习效果、提高学习主动性,得到了学生认可。

Objective To implement and evaluate the teaching effect of a blended outcome-based education (OBE) mode in laboratory course of human respiratory system. Methods From September 2019 to December 2021, a total of 562 undergraduates of clinical medicine enrolled in 2017 and 2019 in Zhejiang University School of Medicine who participated in the course of functional experiments joined this research. Three hundred and twelve students from grade 2019 were assigned to be the experimental group and 250 from grade 2017 were organized to be the control group. The students of control group were trained by classic offline respiratory animal experiments and adopted a blended online/offline teaching mode. In addition to offline respiratory animal experiment, the training of students of experimental group was supplemented with a new human virtual simulation experiment which adopts the OBE-oriented blended online/offline teaching mode. The teaching effect was evaluated by performance analysis and questionnaire survey for experimental group students, and data was analyzed by t-test. Results The final examination scores and the total scores from experimental group and that from control group are significantly different as [(13.6±1.6) vs. (12.2±2.5),(12.0±0.6) vs. (11.5±0.9)] (all P<0.001). The result of questionnaire survey in experimental group showed that students scored the mode of OBE-based human virtual simulation experiment higher than that of offline animal experiment in stimulating learning interest [(4.1±0.7) vs. (3.5±0.5)] and learning efficiency [(4.0±0.8) vs.(3.7±0.8)] and encouraging active participation [(4.2±0.7) vs.(3.6±0.8)]. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions OBE-based human virtual simulation experiment improves students’ learning outcome and optimizes teaching effect in the laboratory course of respiratory system experiment and the new mode is well recognized by students.