目的 了解陕西省康复治疗专业学生专业观,为学生职业生涯规划和就业提供指导依据。方法 2020年12月至2021年1月,对陕西省320名康复治疗专业实习生进行问卷调查,分析其专业认知态度、就业意向和职业规划。采用描述性统计和χ²检验方法对数据进行分析。结果 在专业认知态度方面,82.4%(257/312)的学生选择本专业的主要因素是个人兴趣、家长意见和方便就业;96.2%(300/312)的学生对本专业表示很喜欢、较喜欢或一般。在就业意向方面,73.4%(229/312)的学生认为就业形势严峻,90.1%(281/312)的学生有明确的就业方向。在职业规划方面,60.3%(188/312)的学生选择从事临床康复工作。男生选择较难和很难就业的比例低于女生[64.5% (80/124)比79.3%(149/188)],选择较易就业的比例高于女生[29.8% (37/124)比18.6%(35/188)],其差异具有统计学意义(P=0.012)。结论 影响学生专业观的内在优势因素是学生自身的实践技能强、热爱专业;劣势因素是就业期望过高,职业规划不清晰。外在机会因素是“健康中国”建设和社会发展的需要;威胁因素是人才需求层次提高,就业性别因素差异等。学校应当重视学生的专业认知和专业思想教育,引导和鼓励毕业生从事基层康复工作。康复机构要改善康复治疗师执业环境,为其提供利于专业发展的优惠政策。

Objective To understand the professional sense of students majoring in rehabilitation in Shaanxi Province and to guide students' career planning and support their employment. Methods From December 2020 to January 2021, 320 rehabilitation interns in Shaanxi Province were investigated by questionnaire which covered their professional attitude and employment after graduation. Descriptive statistics and χ² Analysis were applied for data treatment. Results In terms of professional cognition and attitude, the main factors influencing for students choice of major are personal interest, parents' opinions and employment opportunity. These factors take 82.4%(257/312) of the factors for students to make decision of learning this speciality. There are 96.2%(300/312) of the students have a litmusless attitude towards their major. In terms of occupation intention, 73.4%(229/312) of students believe that employment is not easy. There are 90.1%(281/312) of students having a clear employment direction. In terms of career planning, 60.3%(188/312) of students prefer to work in rehabilitation institutions. The proportion of boys who choose “difficult to be employed” is lower than that of girls [64.5% (80/124) vs. 79.3% (149/188)], and the proportion of boys who choose “easy to be employed” is higher than that of girls [29.8% (37/124) vs. 18.6% (35/188), P=0.012]. Conclusions The internal factors facilitating students' employment are practical skills and positive professional sense. Disadvantage factors are high employment expectation and unclear career planning. External opportunity factor is the need of “Healthy China” policy and social development. The threat factors are increasing requirement of education experience and academic degree, and gender discrimination. Schools should pay attention to students' understanding on specialty and to professional ideological education so to guide and encourage graduates to be engaged in community rehabilitation work. The employer institutions should optimize the working environment and develop policy to support career development of employees.