欧洲中世纪大学是西方高等医学教育的肇始,其主要特征包括理论与实践的分离、外科与内科的竞争、医学和人文的融合。这3个特征都有其历史渊源和时代背景,并经中世纪大学呈现出更加明显的趋势。由于受到医学知识复兴和经院哲学的影响,欧洲中世纪大学医学教育在很长一段时间内都是偏重理论而忽视实践。大学内科医生的地位远远高于外科医生,外科实践被视为手工劳动,受到鄙视。同时,哲学、逻辑学等人文学科成为大学医学生的基础训练,医学教育具有明显的人文色彩。欧洲中世纪大学奠定了近代医学教育的基本模式,表明内外科并重是医学教育发展的必然趋势,人文是医学教育的重要属性。
Medieval university is the beginning of western higher medical education. It is characterized by separation of theory and practice, surgery and internal medicine and by the integration of medicine with humanities. These three characteristics have their own historical origins and social background and shows a more obvious trend through the medieval universities. Due to the influence of revival of medical knowledge and Scholasticism, medical education in medieval universities for a long time focuses on theory rather than practice. The status of University doctors is significantly higher than that of surgeons. Surgical practice is regarded as a kind of manual labor and is despised. At the same time, philosophy, logic and other humanities take the space of basic training with humanistic coloring for medical students.
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