目的 调查广州市医学生对医学教育仪式(以下简称仪式)的态度和满意度,为仪式效果的改进提供参考。方法 采用问卷调查法和深度访谈法。2020年4月～6月,向广州市3所高等医学院校1 309名医学生发放调查问卷,并与3所院校的38名医学生和15名仪式组织者进行深度访谈。采用描述性统计和相关性分析等进行数据分析。结果 认为仪式重要和非常重要的医学生占比86.2%(1 129/1 309);愿意和非常愿意参与仪式的医学生占比86.6%(1 133/1 309);81.0%(1 060/1 309)的医学生参与过医学教育仪式,对仪式感到满意和非常满意的医学生占比70.5%(747/1 060)。对仪式存在问题的调查中,医学生选择排在前3位的问题分别是,认为流于形式的学生占比44.8%(475/1 060)、认为前期宣传不足的学生占比35.1%(372/1 060),认为忽略学生主体地位的学生占比24.8%(263/1 060);访谈发现,仪式的形式化容易引起医学生的感受不佳。医学生对仪式的总体满意度与其感受到的仪式感、神圣感等仪式氛围的Somers'd相关系数分别为0.579、0.528(均P<0.01);医学生对仪式的总体满意度与其职业认同感、职业归属感、职业荣誉感的唤起程度的Somers'd相关系数分别为0.516、0.510、0.499(均P<0.01)。结论 广州市医学生认可医学教育仪式的重要性且参与意愿较高,对仪式的总体满意度尚有提升空间;学生对仪式的总体满意度与其感受的仪式氛围和唤起的正向情感均呈正相关。开展仪式可以通过以学生为中心、加强前期宣传和营造良好的仪式氛围进一步提高效果。

Objective To investigate the attitudes and the satisfaction with medical education rituals ( hereinafter called the rituals) among medical students in Guangzhou, so to provide reference to for improving the effectiveness of the rituals.Methods From April to June, 2020, a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were performed. The questionnaires was distributed to survey 1 309 medical students from three higher medical schools in Guangzhou, 38 medical students and 15 ritual organizers were researched through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results It is found that 86.2% (1 129/1 309) of medical students considered the rituals are important or very important; 86.6% (1 133/1 309) of them are willing or very willing to participate in the rituals; There are 81.0% (1 060/1 309) of medical students experienced medical education rituals and 70.5% (747/1 060) were satisfied or very satisfied with the rituals; The top three choices of medical students in the survey on the weakness of the rituals are as follows: formalities by 44.8% (475/1 060), insufficient advance publication by 35.1% (372/1 060), and ignoring the main status of students by 24.8% (263/1 060). The interviews found that the formality of the rituals tended to cause medical students to feel poor; The Somers'd correlation coefficients between medical students' overall satisfaction with rituals and their sense of rituals, sacredness were 0.579 and 0.528, respectively (all P<0.01);while that between medical students' overall satisfaction with rituals and their evoked sense of professional identity, professional belonging, and professional honor were 0.516, 0.510, and 0.499, respectively (all P<0.01).Conclusions Medical students in Guangzhou recognize the importance of medical education rituals and have a high willingness to participate in them, but there is still needs to improve their overall satisfaction with the rituals; the satisfaction with the rituals was positively correlated with both the atmosphere they felt and the positive emotions they evoked. Conducting the rituals can further improve the effect through focusing on students, strengthening advance publicity and creating a favorable rituals atmosphere.