目的 探析医学研究生退学原因,结合实践提出应对研究生退学现象的对策和建议。方法 对北京某医学院校2016年至2020年108名退学研究生的基本情况和相关信息进行描述和统计分析,结合入学时心理测验结果,探讨心理测验与退学之间的关系。结果 5年间该校年均研究生退学率为0.47%(108/22 978),总体退学原因以学业困难[50.0%(54/108)]和心理问题[26.9%(29/108)]为主。在心理测验方面,相比于在读研究生,退学研究生中能力不足、性格偏差等比例更高[9.26%(5/54)比6.53%(535/8 188),83.33%(45/54)比75.01%(6 142/8 188)],但两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 某医学院校5年间退学主要原因为学业困难和心理问题,因此,建议发挥心理测验预测作用,建立针对性预防措施,建立“提示—预警—淘汰”制度体系,加强心理健康教育和心理咨询资源宣传,发挥导师第一责任人作用。

Objective To analyze the causes of the medical graduates' dropping out in a university and put forward countermeasures with practical experience. Methods The basic information and related data of dropouts from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed focusing on relationship between students' capacity plus results of psychological test and dropping out with by a UK psychological test. Results The annual dropping out rate in the past five years was 0.47% (108/22 978). The main reasons for dropping out were learning difficulties [50.0%(54/108)] and psychological problems [26.9%(29/108)]. In terms of psychological test, compared with the graduate students, the proportion such of ability deficiency, personality deviation of the dropouts were higher [9.26%(5/54) vs. 6.53% (535/8 188), 83.33% (45/54) vs. 75.01% (6 142/8 188)], but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). Conclusions The main reasons for dropping out were learning difficulties and psychological problems. Therefore, it is suggested that universities give full play to the predictive role of psychological test, establish targeted preventive measures, set up a “prompt early warning elimination” system, strengthen mental health protecting mechanism and give full play to the role of tutors.